As Americans become more aware of the risks posed by microplastics, one question remains: what about the hidden impact on our pets?
The American Veterinary Medical Association reports that 59.8 million U.S. households own a dog and 42.2 million own a cat, many of which are likely exposed to plastics through toys or food packaging that may contain harmful chemicals.
A 2024 Harris QuestDIY survey of 1,004 Americans found that 62 percent of those familiar with microplastics recognized human health risks as a major concern. Among those aware, 81 percent took action -- for example, 53 percent switched to glass or metal products, and 32 percent discarded plastic cutting boards to reduce exposure.
Perhaps the same caution should be applied when thinking about our furry friends. Newsweek spoke to two experts about how pets are being exposed to chemicals through the items they frequently chew and play with.
Aidan Charron, the associate director at Global EarthDay.org, a nonprofit organization that mobilizes people worldwide to protect the planet, told Newsweek that the following chemicals are found in toys:
Charron said: "We do know that (the above) plastic chemicals can leach into our pets' gums, stomachs and skin from their toys and anything they ingest and inhale that is plastic.
"This exposure is associated with a whole host of health issues for our pets. From cancers to embryo development to potential infertility, liver failure, lower sperm count miscarriage and more. All the same things that human beings are faced with, too."
Studies in rodents show that phthalates aren't deadly in small amounts, but they can still harm the body -- especially the liver, kidneys, thyroid, and testicles. There is strong evidence that these chemicals can affect reproduction and development in both animals and people.
For example, when pregnant animals were exposed to a type of phthalate called DBP at high levels, it was toxic to the developing babies.
Currently, there are no specific federal or state laws regulating the manufacture or sale of pet toys. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) does not actively regulate pet products unless a person is harmed.
The 2008 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act focuses only on children's products, not pet items. However, because pet toys are often around children, some retailers may require manufacturers to meet the same safety standards as children's toys -- such as limits on lead and other chemicals.
Charron added: "Currently, plastic is the cheapest material for producers to use, and they do not have to pay for the repercussions on our pet's health because it would be hugely expensive for pet owners to prove."
Exposure to microplastics is everywhere for both humans and pets, but owners can take action and make mindful choices when it comes to their purchases.
Newsweek spoke to environmental attorney Vineet Dubey, an environmental litigator who sues companies that are endangering public health by selling products containing toxic chemicals. Dubey, based in California, shared the following tips for pet owners: