Surrey will see six local council by-elections on Thursday - the largest number of seats to go to a vote on a single day so far this year.
There have been other by-elections in the last few months and more are due to happen in November, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service.
A full set of local elections, which were scheduled to happen on 1 May, were cancelled because of a major shake-up of local government.
Ministers are expected to make an announcement in the next few weeks about what councils in Surrey will look like in the future.
There are elections for three seats on three borough and district councils - the wards of Staines at Spelthorne, Meadvale and St John's at Reigate, and Banstead and Whyteleafe at Tandridge.
The other three by-elections are for seats on Surrey County Council (SCC) in the divisions of Camberley West, Caterham Valley and Guildford South East.
In most cases, they are happening because the sitting councillors had decided to stand down.
However, the Camberley West by-election was called after the death of Conservative David Lewis.
Polling stations will open on Thursday at 07:00 BST, and will close at 22:00.
At the borough and district councils, the results of the ward by-elections are not expected to have an impact on which parties or groups are in charge and responsible for running services.
The Conservatives at SCC lost their majority after two by-elections which happened on 21 August, with both Reform and the Liberal Democrats gaining seats. They now run the council as a minority administration.
Previously, at councils such as Waverley and Runnymede, the opposition parties have come together to take over control as part of a "rainbow coalition".
But different sources have suggested this is very unlikely to happen at SCC, because the numbers would still be very narrow and because the different opposition parties or groups do not necessarily agree on policies or share the same values.
The backdrop to any local elections happening in Surrey at the moment is that ministers are planning to scrap SCC and the 11 district and borough councils and create new unitary authorities, as well as having a mayor and a new strategic body.
Since May, the government has been considering two proposals to reorganise councils in Surrey into either two or three unitary councils.
An announcement was due this week, but has been delayed and is now widely expected in late October, with the minister for local government, Alison McGovern, telling MPs in the Commons on Monday that "the process is under way."
In May 2026, there will be elections for new "shadow" unitary authorities, which would have about a year to become operational.
A mayoral election is currently expected to happen in 2027.
The by-election counts for Camberley West, Guildford South East and Staines will take place on Thursday night, after polls have closed at 22:00 BST.
The other counts for Caterham Valley, Meadvale and St. John's, and Whyteleafe will happen on Friday.
Details and lists of candidates are available on the websites for Guildford, Reigate and Banstead, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath and Tandridge councils.