PHOENIX - Ongoing conflict in the Middle East has put Iran's participation in the FIFA World Cup - and its training plans at Tucson's Kino Sports Complex - in doubt.
Facility director Sarah Horvath said she has not heard if the country's plans have changed but is hopeful for clarity soon.
"We see sports as a great unifier," Horvath said. "Even when there's all kinds of muck going on in the world, you have sports that unify us all. When it really breaks down to it, we are all a lot more alike than we are different."
Iran's top soccer official Mehdi Taj, a vice president of the Asian Football Confederation, was less optimistic.
"What is certain is that after this attack, we cannot be expected to look forward to the World Cup with hope," he told ESPN.
In late February, Kino Sports Complex in Tucson received confirmation that it would serve as a base camp at which the Iranian national team would train. Now, the city and complex are on hold.
"I believe this is the first time (we have had) a national soccer team," Horvath said. "It may have been done previously, but I don't recall. We really enjoy that aspect of our jobs that we get to focus on sports and not worry about the rest."
Güneş Murat Tezcür, a professor of political science and the director of the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University, said banning Iran would be "extraordinary," but not unprecedented.
"There's always a kind of element of connectivity when it comes to what countries get punished and what kind of countries are not punished," he said. "Typically, the more powerful hegemonic actors are the ones who get to decide what norms should be enforced and what norms should not be enforced.
"Iran is a terrible dictatorship, but then again there are other terrible dictatorships in the world. At the same time, Iran did not start the war. It was being attacked and now it's basically retaliating and then obviously attacking some other countries in the (Persian) Gulf."
There have long been tensions between Iran and its neighbors, including drone attacks on countries such as Saudi Arabia, which is hosting the World Cup in 2034, possibly leading to further tension.
The tension seemed to reach a boiling point after a joint U.S.-Israeli airstrike that led to the death of Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Saturday.
Only 11 countries have ever been banned from World Cup participation. The most recent example was Russia. Hosts of the 2018 World Cup, the country has been banned from World Cup play since its invasion of Ukraine, and its clubs are not allowed to participate in UEFA competitions such as the Champions League or Europa League.
Iran, while not officially banned, could be next in line, whether it decides to boycott, is banned by FIFA or if U.S. President Donald Trump forces its hand.
In 2024, FIFA built a new office and headquarters in the United States to manage the World Cup, but a second office was built in Trump Tower in New York City in July of 2025.
FIFA also gave Trump the inaugural FIFA Peace Prize during the World Cup draw, presented by FIFA President Gianni Infantino.
"FIFA had always (been) very political and not very transparent," Tezcür said. "How FIFA evolved over the years, I think it became a success commercially in addition to this kind of U.S. connection. I think this has been a trend for a while and now we basically see the escalation of that trend."
If Iran is banned or chooses not to play, FIFA's rulebook allows two options. One is to change the group from four teams to three teams, but the more likely approach will be to replace Iran with another team from the Asian region.
It's unknown if that new team's training would be located in Kino, but it would be a challenge regardless, as FIFA would need to pick a new team before the tournament starts in June, giving the team a maximum window of three months for preparation.
It could also leave Tucson officials out in the cold.
"We see sports as a great unifier," Horvath said. "Even when there's all kinds of muck going on in the world, you have sports that unify us all. When it really breaks down to it, we are all a lot more alike than we are different."
On Dec. 5. 2025, Iran was placed in a group with New Zealand, Egypt, and Belgium during the World Cup draw. If Iran doesn't compete in the World Cup, the United Arab Emirates or Iraq are expected to replace them, depending on the World Cup playoffs that will be decided in late March, The Guardian reported.
If Iraq fails to qualify, it would likely be next in line to replace Iran. If Iraq qualifies, it would likely go to the UAE.
Nothing remains concrete yet, but recent and possible future events may force the hand of Iran's federation in the next three months.